Treatment of recurrence anal fistula with open fistulectomy and sphincter muscles repair

Anal fistula is a tract between anorectal canal and perianal skin. It usually develops after perianal abscess and it is one of the most common surgical diseases that presents with persistent drainage from the tract. Recurrence of fistula and gas or fecal incontinence are important problems after surgical management of fistula particularly in recurrent fistula. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of recurrence and incontinency after open fistulectomy with repair of sphincter muscles. In a prospective interventional semi-empirical study 98 patients with recurrent fistula were evaluated for recurrence and incontinency during 10 years [1999-2008] follow up after treatment by fistulectomy and primary sphincter muscles repair. From 98 patients [96 male and 2 female] of recurrent anal fistula, 27 patients have high anal fistula and 71 have low [common] fistula-in-ano. Ninety six patients were developed prolonged neither gas incontinence nor recurrence. One patient who was considered as type 2 diabetes, presented with wound infection postoperatively. In this patient fistulectomy and sphincter repair was performed after control of wound infection. One male patient was developed long life gas incontinence. In compare with other surgical methods, fistulectomy and sphincter repair was shown the lowest rate of recurrence. One case of permanent gas incontinence and no case of fecal incontinence was found

[ effect of unilateral testicular blunt trauma and protective effect of zinc on spermatogenesis of contra lateral testis of pre-pubertal wistar rate]

There has so far been controversy among researches about the effect of unilateral blunt testis trauma on structure and function of contra lateral testis. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of unilateral blunt testicular trauma after a time span of spermatogenesis [40 days] on the number of round and elongated spermatic cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, sertoli and leydig cells of contra-lateral testis as well as to assess the protective effect of zinc on unilateral blunt testicular trauma. In this experimental study 30 pre-pubertal male Wistar rats [age 7 weeks] were divided into three equal groups [n=10]. Group I [control] underwent a sham operation of the left testis under general anesthesia. Rats in group II and group III [with blunt testicular trauma] were subjected to left blunt testicular trauma to rupture the tunica albuginea. In group III just after the trauma 30 mg/kg zinc sulfate were given intra-peritoneally followed by admission of Zn for 40 days at a dose of 500 parts per million [ppm] /day orally. Later on, all rats were sacrificed and their right testes were removed and after histological processing and staining by H and E method the samples were evaluated by counting round and elongated spermatid cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, sertoli and leydig cells and also by cell structures study. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey and Duncan's tests and pvalue of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. There was no significant differences in the number of round and elongated spermatid, spermatogonia, sertoli and leydig cells of testis if the three groups [P>0.05]. Histological changes in sertoli and leydig cell were seen. Therefore, the protective effect of zinc was not significant on germ cell proliferation and structure. The results suggest that unilateral blunt testis trauma after time course of 40 days has no effect on germ cell layers and leydig and sertoli cells proliferation. This study suggests long term evaluation of testes after blunt trauma with use of electron microscope

Study of anti-inflammatory and healing effects of achillea millefolium in the treatment of indomethacin-induced gasthic ulcer in rat

According to numerous sources, the plant "Achillea millefolium" is used for various ailments, mainly for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or tonically for the healing of wounds. In this research, the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract [8:2V/V] of the plant Achillea millefolium on the treatment of gastric ulcer and possible hepatotoxicity of the plant in rat were studied. Hydro-alcoholic extraction of the plant was carried out using maceration, followed by concentrating under vacuum. Gastric ulcer in rat was induced by oral administration of indomethacin suspension [30mg/kg] in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose following 72 hours of fastin. Hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant was orally administrated as a single dose but in different concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 14 days following induction of gastric ulcer in rats. At the end of the experimental period, animals were killed and the stomachs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. All different concentration of Achillea millefolium were effective in treating of gastric ulcer specially those with concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg which showed to be the most effective ones. The extract with concentration of 500 mg/kg was considered to be the most effective dose in treatment as no liver disorder was observed. Achillea millefolium is a suitable preparation in treatment of gastric ulcer

Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Bleomycin is a widely used antineoplastic drug which produces dose and time-dependent interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in human and animals. The mechanism of bleomycin-induced lung injury is not well understood. However, current studies have shown that bleomycin can generate free oxygen radicals such as super -oxide and hydroxyl radical. In this study the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in biological system and its effect on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rat has been investigated. In this study rats were divided into four groups: Control, bleomycin and Saline, bleomycin and vitamin C and saline and vitamin C. The degree of tissue injury in the bleomycin and vitamin C group was significantly lower than bleomycin and saline group. Results of this study suggest that vitamin C may reduce the fibrosis formation effect of belomycin in lung tissue

Breast Neurilemmoma

Neurilemmoma is a benign neoplasm of Schwann cell origin, most frequently seen in the extremities and the trunk and head region. Breast is a very unusual site for this tumor. We report a case of neurilemmoma of the breast in a 27-years-old woman. The palpable mass was localized in the lower outer quadrant of the right breast This intramammary tumor appeared sonographically as a well-circumscribed, inhomogeneous solid mass Microscopically, it had a pattern similar to that of Neurilemmoma of other sites

[Investigation of mast cells association with muscle fibrosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]

Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD] is the most common and severe type of muscular dystrophy which occurs due to the absence of the cytoskeletal protein of dystrophin. The gene that is responsible for DMD was localized in the XP21 of human genum. Severe weakness of the skeletal muscles seen in the DMD patients seemed to be due to the fibrosis, but the reasons for it were not revealed. It was shown that in lung fibrosis and scleroderma,] mast cells intervene with fibrosis. Thus, we decided to evaluate the relationship between fibrosis and number of the mast cells in DMD patients. This research was done on 51 DMD patients and due to clinical findings, we classified them into two groups: mild and severe. Having done different staining on sections of paraffin blocks of the patients muscle biopsies, we evaluated the degree of fibrosis and the number of mast cells. Following by T-Test statistical method, the relationship between degree of fibrosis and number of mast cells was found. Therefore, it could be concluded that mast cells are responsible for mild and moderate fibrosis